SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in various parts of the body. SLE is the most common form of lupus and can affect multiple organ systems, leading to a wide range of symptoms. The severity of SLE varies greatly, from mild to life-threatening, depending on the organs involved.
Key Features and Symptoms of SLE
Fatigue:
- Extreme fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of SLE. It can significantly impact daily life and may not be proportional to the amount of physical activity.
Joint Pain and Swelling:
- SLE often causes arthritis-like symptoms, including pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, particularly in the hands, wrists, and knees. This is usually symmetrical, meaning it affects both sides of the body.
Skin Rashes:
- A hallmark sign of SLE is the butterfly-shaped rash (malar rash) that appears across the cheeks and nose. Other skin rashes, such as photosensitivity rashes that worsen with sun exposure, are also common.
Organ Involvement:
- Kidneys (Lupus Nephritis): Inflammation of the kidneys is a serious complication of SLE, potentially leading to kidney failure. It may cause symptoms like swelling in the legs, high blood pressure, and blood or protein in the urine.
- Heart and Lungs: SLE can cause inflammation of the heart (pericarditis) and lungs (pleuritis), leading to chest pain and breathing difficulties.
- Brain and Nervous System: SLE may cause neurological symptoms, including headaches, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disorders.
- Blood Vessels: SLE can lead to vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels), increasing the risk of blood clots and strokes.
- Blood and Immune System: Patients may develop anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cell count), or thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).
Fever and Malaise:
- Low-grade fevers and a general feeling of malaise are common in SLE, especially during flare-ups.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetic Factors: Certain genetic factors increase the risk of developing SLE, though no single gene causes the disease.
- Hormonal Factors: SLE is more common in women, particularly during their childbearing years, suggesting a role of hormones like estrogen in the disease.
- Environmental Triggers: Infections, certain medications, UV light, and stress can trigger the onset or exacerbation of SLE.
- Ethnicity: SLE is more common and often more severe in people of African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American descent.
Treatment of SLE
There is no cure for SLE, but treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent flares, and minimize organ damage.
Medications:
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Used to relieve joint pain and inflammation.
- Antimalarials (e.g., Hydroxychloroquine): Commonly used to control skin and joint symptoms and reduce the risk of flares.
- Corticosteroids: Powerful anti-inflammatory drugs used for controlling severe symptoms, particularly during flares. Long-term use is limited due to side effects.
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., Azathioprine, Mycophenolate Mofetil): Used in more severe cases to control the immune system and prevent organ damage.
- Biologic Agents (e.g., Belimumab): Target specific parts of the immune system and are used in certain patients with SLE.
Lifestyle Modifications:
- Sun Protection: Because UV light can trigger flares, sun protection is crucial, including the use of sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
- Regular Monitoring: Regular check-ups with a rheumatologist and other specialists are important to monitor the disease and adjust treatment as needed.
- Healthy Diet and Exercise: Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise helps manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Education and Support:
- Patients with SLE should be educated about their condition and encouraged to participate in support groups or counseling, as managing a chronic illness can be emotionally challenging.
If you would like to have additional information contact Dr. Vipul Shet, serving communities and people from all walks of live.
